Yuri Gagarin Facts (Russian, Soviet Space Program) @ LaunchBase.net

Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin (Russian Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of three (or, according to some authorities, four) living members of the East Slavic languages, the others being Belarusian: Ю́рий Алексе́евич Гага́рин, Jurij Aleksejevič Gagarin Russian pronunciation: [ˈjurʲɪj ɐlʲɪˈksʲeɪvʲɪtɕ gɐˈgarʲɪn]; 9 March 1934 - 27 March 1968), Hero of the Soviet Union The title Hero of the Soviet Union was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society, was a Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 cosmonaut An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. On 12 April 1961, he became the first human in space and the first to orbit the Earth Earth (pronounced /ɝːθ/ ) is the third planet from the Sun. Earth is the largest of the terrestrial planets in the Solar System in diameter, mass and density. It is also referred to as the World and Terra.[note 3]. He received medals from around the world for his pioneering tour in outer space Outer space comprises the relatively empty regions of the universe outside the atmospheres of celestial bodies. Outer space is used to distinguish it from airspace and terrestrial locations. There is no distinct boundary between airspace and outer space. Definitions vary, but the most common is that space consists of everything beyond the Kármán.

Early life

Yuri Gagarin was born in the village of Klushino Klushino is a village in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, situated on the old road between Vyazma and Mozhaysk, not far from Gzhatsk near Gzhatsk Gagarin is a town in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is situated on the Gzhat River, 240 km north-east of Smolensk. Geographical location 55°33′N, 34°59′E. Population: 28,789 (2002 Census) (now in Smolensk Oblast Smolensk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its area is 49,786 square kilometers, population—1,019,000 (2005 est.); 1,049,574 (2002 Census); 1,158,299 (1989 Census). Its administrative center is the city of Smolensk. Other ancient towns include Vyazma and Dorogobuzh. Smolensk oblast borders Pskov Oblast in north, Tver Oblast in, Russia Russia [ˈɹʌʃə] (Russian: Россия, Rossiya), or the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация?·i, Rossiyskaya Federatsiya), is a transcontinental country extending over much of northern Eurasia. It is a semi-presidential republic comprising 83 federal subjects. Russia shares land borders with the following), on 9 March 1934. The adjacent town of Gzhatsk was renamed Gagarin in 1968 in his honor. His parents, Alexey Ivanovich Gagarin and Anna Timofeyevna Gagarina, worked on a collective farm Collective farming is an organization of agricultural production in which the holdings of several farmers are run as a joint enterprise. A collective farm is essentially an agricultural production cooperative in which members-owners engage jointly in farming activities. Typical examples of collective farms are the kolkhozy that dominated Soviet.^[1] While manual labourers are described in official reports as "peasants", this may be an oversimplification if applied to his parents — his mother was reportedly a voracious reader, and his father a skilled carpenter A carpenter is a skilled craftsman who performs carpentry - a wide range of woodworking that includes constructing buildings, furniture, and other objects out of wood. The work generally involves significant manual labor and work outdoors, particularly in rough carpentry. Yuri was the third of four children, and his elder sister helped raise him while his parents worked. Like millions of people in the Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991, the Gagarin family suffered during Nazi occupation in World War II World War II, or the Second World War, was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. The war involved the mobilization of over 100 million military personnel, making it the most widespread war in history. His two elder siblings were sent to Germany Germany [ˈdʒɜːmənɪ] , officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland (help·info), IPA: [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant]), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and as slave labourers in 1943, and did not return until after the war. While a youth, Yuri became interested in space and planets, and began to dream about his space tour which became true one day.^[2] Yuri was described by his teachers in the Moscow satellite town of Lyubertsy Lyubertsy is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia. Administrative center of Lyuberetsky District as intelligent and hard-working, if occasionally mischievous. His mathematics and science teacher had flown in the Soviet Air Forces The Soviet Air Force, also known under the abbreviation VVS, transliterated from Russian: ВВС, Военно-воздушные силы , was the official designation of one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces during the war, which presumably made some substantial impression on young Gagarin.

After starting an apprenticeship in a metalworks as a foundryman, Gagarin was selected for further training at a technical high school in Saratov Saratov is a major city in southern Russia. It is the administrative center of Saratov Oblast and a major port on the Volga River. Population: 873,055 (2002 Census); 904,643 (1989 Census). In addition to ethnic Russians, the city also has many Tatar, Ukrainian, Jewish and German residents. While there, he joined the "AeroClub", and learned to fly a light aircraft, a hobby that would take up an increasing proportion of his time. Through dint of effort, rather than brilliance, he reportedly mastered both; in 1955, after completing his technical schooling, he entered military flight training at the Orenburg Orenburg is a city on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast in the Volga Federal District of Russia. It lies 1,478 km southeast of Moscow, very close to the border with Kazakhstan. Population: 542,700 (2005 est.); 549,361 (2002 Census). Highest point: 154.4 m. International dialing code: +7 (3532). Postal code: 460000. As Pilot's School. While there he met Valentina Goryacheva, whom he married in 1957, after gaining his pilot's wings in a MiG-15. Post-graduation, he was assigned to Luostari Luostari is a settlement in Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia located near the Norwegian border. It was occupied by the German army during the World War II. Before the WWII Luostari was part of Finland airbase in Murmansk Oblast Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the north-western part of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Murmansk, close to the Norwegian border Norway [ˈnɔɹweɪ] (Norwegian: Norge (bokmål) or Noreg (nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, stretching from its northern extremity to its southern one. The majority of the country shares a border to the southeast with Sweden;, where terrible weather made flying risky. As a full-grown man, Gagarin was 1.57 metres (5 ft 2 in) tall, which was an advantage in the small Vostok The Vostok was a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union's space programme for human spaceflight cockpit A cockpit is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft. The cockpit is at times also wrongly referred to as the flight deck although that term refers to the flight deck on an aircraft carrier. Most modern cockpits are enclosed, except on some small aircraft, and cockpits on large airliners are also.^[1] He became Lieutenant Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service, emergency medical services or police officer rank of the Soviet Air Force The Soviet Air Force, also known under the abbreviation VVS, transliterated from Russian: , Военно-воздушные силы , was the official designation of one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces on 5 November 1957 and on 6 November 1959 he received the rank of Senior Lieutenant.^[3]

Career in the Soviet space program

Selection and training

In 1960, after the search and selection process Yuri Gagarin was selected with 19 other cosmonauts for the Soviet space program The Soviet space program consisted of initiatives within the Soviet Union by competing design groups. Being primarily a military program, it was classified. Sergey Korolyov was the head of the principal design group; his official title was "chief designer" (a standard title for similar positions in USSR). Unlike the US space program,. Along with the other prospective cosmonauts, he was subjected to experiments designed to test his physical and psychological endurance; he also underwent training for the upcoming flight. Out of the twenty selected, the eventual choices for the first launch were Gagarin and Gherman Titov Gherman Stepanovich Titov (September 11, 1935 – September 20, 2000) was a Soviet cosmonaut and the second human to orbit the Earth because of their performance in training, as well as their physical characteristics — space was at a premium in the small Vostok The Vostok was a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union's space programme for human spaceflight cockpit and both men were rather short. Soviet officials weighed other factors as well in selecting Yuri: his appearance, his capacity to handle media attention, his Russian heritage and even the name "Gagarin Gagarin is a Rurikid princely family descending from sovereign rulers of Starodub-on-the-Klyazma. The descendant of the Great Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich, the Christianizer of Russia, Prince Ivan Vsevolodovich, received from his brother, the Great Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, the appanage of Starodub, and this originated the Princes of," which was also a family name associated with Tsarist aristocracy.

Space flight

On 12 April 1961, Gagarin became the first human to travel into space Outer space comprises the relatively empty regions of the universe outside the atmospheres of celestial bodies. Outer space is used to distinguish it from airspace and terrestrial locations. There is no distinct boundary between airspace and outer space. Definitions vary, but the most common is that space consists of everything beyond the Kármán in Vostok 3KA-2 (Vostok 1 Vostok 1 was the first human spaceflight. The Vostok 3KA spacecraft was launched on April 12, 1961, taking into space Yuri Gagarin, a cosmonaut from the Soviet Union. The Vostok 1 mission was the first time anyone had journeyed into outer space and the first time anyone had entered into orbit. The Vostok 1 was launched by the Soviet space program) and return. His call sign in this flight was Kedr (Cedar The Siberian Pine is a species of pine tree that occurs in Siberia from 58°E in the Ural Mountains east to 126°E in the Stanovoy Khrebet mountains in southern Sakha Republic, and from Igarka at 68°N in the lower Yenisei valley, south to 45°N in central Mongolia. In the north of its range, it grows at low altitudes, typically 100-200 m, whereas; Russian Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of three (or, according to some authorities, four) living members of the East Slavic languages, the others being Belarusian: Кедр).^[4] During his flight, Gagarin famously whistled the tune "The Motherland Hears, The Motherland Knows" (Russian Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of three (or, according to some authorities, four) living members of the East Slavic languages, the others being Belarusian: "Родина слышит, Родина знает").^[5][6] The first two lines of the song are: "The Motherland hears, the Motherland knows/Where her son flies in the sky".^[7] This patriotic song was written by Dmitri Shostakovich Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich listen (Russian: Дмитрий Дмитриевич Шостакович) (25 September [O.S. September 12] 1906 – 9 August 1975) was a Russian composer of the Soviet period in 1951 (opus 86), with words by Yevgeniy Dolmatovsky.

There are speculations in the media that from orbit Gagarin made the comment, "I don't see any God up here." However, no such words appear in the verbatim record of Gagarin's conversations with the Earth during the spaceflight.^[8] In a 2006 interview a close friend of Gagarin, Colonel Colonel (Col or COL) is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country in the world. The rank of colonel is one of the oldest in existence, dating as far back as the time of the Roman Empire. It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures Valentin Petrov, stated that Gagarin never said such words, and that the phrase originated from Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17, 1894 – September 11, 1971) served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, following the death of Joseph Stalin, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the de-Stalinization of the USSR, as well as several liberal's speech at the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU The Central Committee, abbreviated in Russian as , "Tse-ka", was the highest body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . Its full name was Центра́льный Комите́т Коммунисти́ческой Па́ртии Сове́тского Сою́за = ЦК КПСС; Tsentralnyy Komitet Kommunistitcheskoy Partii, where the anti-religious propaganda was discussed. In a certain context Khrushchev said, "Gagarin flew into space, but didn't see any God there".^[9] Colonel Petrov also said that Gagarin had been baptised into the Orthodox Church Note: The Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches are not in communion and do not represent a unified religious tradition. As such, the term Orthodox Christianity when used to refer to these two Churches collectively refers more to a common Byzantine influence than to doctrinal matters as a child.

While in orbit Gagarin was promoted "in the field" from the rank of Senior Lieutenant Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service, emergency medical services or police officer rank to Major In many European-speaking countries, the term Major refers to a military rank, denoting seniority at one of usually various levels of rank, for example: "Sergeant-Major" denoting the most senior ranking sergeant of a large military unit; "Captain-Major", denoting a mid-level command status officer (immediately superior to the, and this was the rank at which TASS announced him in its triumphant statement during the flight.. Khrushchev saw Gagarin's achievement as a vindication of his policy of strengthening the Soviet Union's missile forces at the expense of conventional arms. This policy antagonized the Soviet military establishment and contributed to Khrushchev's eventual downfall.

Fame and later life

After the flight, Gagarin became a worldwide celebrity, touring widely with appearances in Italy, Great Britain,^[11] Germany, Canada, and Japan to promote the Soviet achievement.

In 1962, he began serving as a deputy to the Supreme Soviet The Supreme Soviet of the USSR was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in the interim of the sessions of the Congress of Soviets, and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments. It elected the Presidium, formed the Soviet government, the Supreme Court, and appointed the Procurator General of the USSR. He later returned to Star City Star City is a military research and training facility northeast of Moscow, where cosmonauts have been trained at the Gagarin Cosmonauts Training Centre (GCTC) since the 1960s. Although Star City is the official translation of its name, the diminutive Starry Township is more accurate, the cosmonaut facility, where he worked on designs for a reusable spacecraft. Gagarin worked on these designs in Star City for 7 years. Gagarin became Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant Colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine corps and air forces of the world, typically ranking above a Major and below a Colonel. The rank of Lieutenant Colonel is often verbally shortened to simply "Colonel" (or Podpolkovnik Lieutenant Colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine corps and air forces of the world, typically ranking above a Major and below a Colonel. The rank of Lieutenant Colonel is often verbally shortened to simply "Colonel") of the Soviet Air Force The Soviet Air Force, also known under the abbreviation VVS, transliterated from Russian: , Военно-воздушные силы , was the official designation of one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces on 12 June 1962 and on 6 November 1963 he received the rank of Colonel Colonel (Col or COL) is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country in the world. The rank of colonel is one of the oldest in existence, dating as far back as the time of the Roman Empire. It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures (Polkovnik Polkovnik , universally treated as Colonel, began as a commander of a distinct group of troops, Old Slavonic polk (полк), arranged for a particular battle. In late 1600s, it became a position of a regimental commander of the Strelets Troops; this position also made it into New Regiments of the Streltsy and later into the new army of Peter the) of the Soviet Air Force.^[3] Soviet officials tried to keep him away from any flights, being worried of losing their hero in an accident. Gagarin was backup pilot for Vladimir Komarov in the Soyuz 1 Soyuz 1 was part of the Soviet Union's space program and was launched into orbit on April 23, 1967, carrying a single cosmonaut, Colonel Vladimir Komarov, who was killed when the spacecraft crashed during its return to Earth. This was the first in-flight fatality in the history of spaceflight. Launched at 03:35 local time, this was also the first flight. As Komarov's flight ended in a fatal crash, Gagarin was ultimately banned from the space program.

Death and legacy

Gagarin then became deputy training director of the Star City cosmonaut training base. At the same time, he began to re-qualify as a fighter pilot A fighter pilot is a military aviator trained to engage other aircraft and typically pilots a fighter aircraft. Fighter pilots undergo specialized training in aerial warfare and dogfighting. On 27 March 1968, while on a routine training flight out of Chkalovsky Air Base It is also a major transport base with Antonov An-12, An-72, Tupolev Tu-154, Ilyushin Il-76, and Il-86VKP. Chkalovsky received USSR's first Il-76K for cosmonaut training 23 July 1977, he and flight instructor Vladimir Seryogin (Seregin) died in a MiG-15UTI crash near the town of Kirzhach Kirzhach is a town on the Kirzhach River in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, situated in the west of the oblast some 125 kilometres (78 mi) west of Vladimir and 29 kilometres (18 mi) south of Alexandrov. Population: 22,704 (2002 Census); 25,431 (1989 Census). Gagarin and Seryogin were buried in the walls of the Kremlin The Kremlin Wall Necropolis is a part of the Kremlin Wall in Moscow overlooking the Red Square. Soviet governments buried many prominent local and international communist figures here on Red Square Red Square is the most famous city square in Moscow, and arguably one of the most famous in the world. The square separates the Kremlin, the former royal citadel and currently the official residence of the President of Russia, from a historic merchant quarter known as Kitay-gorod. As major streets of Moscow radiate from here in all directions,.

It is not certain what caused the crash, but a 1986 inquest suggests that the turbulence from a Su-11 'Fishpot-C' interceptor using its afterburners may have caused Gagarin's plane to go out of control.^[12]

Russian documents declassified in March 2003 showed that the KGB KGB is the Russian abbreviation of Committee for State Security (Russian: Комитет государственной безопасности?·i; Komityet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosty), which was the official name of the umbrella organization serving as the Soviet Union's premier security agency, secret police, and intelligence agency, from 195 had conducted their own investigation of the accident, in addition to one government and two military investigations. The KGB's report dismissed various conspiracy theories, instead indicating that the actions of air base personnel contributed to the crash. The report states that an air traffic controller Air traffic controllers are people who operate the air traffic control system to expedite and maintain a safe and orderly flow of air traffic and help prevent mid-air collisions. They apply separation rules to keep each aircraft apart from others in their area of responsibility and move all aircraft safely and efficiently through their assigned provided Gagarin with outdated weather information, and that when Gagarin flew, conditions had deteriorated significantly. Ground crew also left external fuel tanks attached to the aircraft. Gagarin's planned flight activities needed clear weather and no outboard tanks. The investigation concluded that Gagarin's aircraft entered a spin, either due to a bird strike A bird strike (sometimes birdstrike, bird hit, or BASH ) in aviation is a collision between an airborne animal (usually a bird) and a man-made vehicle, especially aircraft. It is a common threat to aircraft safety, and has caused a number of fatal accidents or because of a sudden move to avoid another aircraft. Because of the out-of-date weather report, the crew believed their altitude to be higher than it actually was, and could not properly react to bring the MiG-15 out of its spin.^[13]

In his 2004 book Two Sides of the Moon, Alexey Leonov Alexey Leonov with astronaut Donald K. "Deke" Slayton during the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (1975) recounts that he was flying a helicopter in the same area that day when he heard "two loud booms in the distance." Corroborating other theories, his conclusion is that a Sukhoi jet (which he identifies as a Su-15 'Flagon') was flying below its minimum allowed altitude, and "without realizing it because of the terrible weather conditions, he passed within 10 or 20 meters of Yuri and Seregin's plane while breaking the sound barrier." The resulting turbulence would have sent the MiG into an uncontrolled spin. Leonov believes the first boom he heard was that of the jet breaking the sound barrier, and the second was Gagarin's plane crashing.^[14]

A new theory, advanced by the original crash investigator in 2005, hypothesizes that a cabin air vent was accidentally left open by the crew or the previous pilot, leading to oxygen deprivation Asphyxia (from Greek a-, "without" and σφυγμός , "pulse, heartbeat") is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from being unable to breathe normally. An example of asphyxia is choking. Asphyxia causes generalized hypoxia, which primarily affects the tissues and organs and leaving the crew incapable of controlling the aircraft.^[15]

On 12 April 2007, the Kremlin vetoed a new investigation into the death of Gagarin. Some experts who had been involved in the original investigation had formulated a new theory, based on modern technology and investigative methods. Government officials said that they saw no reason to begin a new investigation.^[16] All found parts of the wrecked MiG-15UTI were collected and are stored in sealed barrels.

There were two commemorative coins Commemorative coins were released in the USSR between 1965 and 1991. Most of them were made of copper-nickel alloy, but there were also silver coins, gold coins, palladium coins and platinum coins. All of the coins were minted either by the Moscow Mint (Московский монетный двор ) or by the Leningrad Mint (Ленинградс� issued in the Soviet Union to commemorate 20th and 30th anniversaries of his flight: 1 rouble The ruble or rouble is a unit of currency. It is currently the currency unit of Belarus, Russia, and Transnistria, and was the currency unit of several other countries, notably countries influenced by Russia and the Soviet Union. One ruble is divided into 100 kopeks or copecks coin (1981, copper-nickel) and 3 rouble coin (1991, silver). In 2001, to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Gagarin's flight, a series of four coins bearing his likeness was issued in Russia Russia [ˈɹʌʃə] (Russian: Россия, Rossiya), or the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация?·i, Rossiyskaya Federatsiya), is a transcontinental country extending over much of northern Eurasia. It is a semi-presidential republic comprising 83 federal subjects. Russia shares land borders with the following: 2 rouble coin (copper-nickel), 3 rouble coin (silver), 10 rouble coin (brass-copper, nickel), and 100 rouble coin (silver).^[17]

See also

• Soviet space program The Soviet space program consisted of initiatives within the Soviet Union by competing design groups. Being primarily a military program, it was classified. Sergey Korolyov was the head of the principal design group; his official title was "chief designer" (a standard title for similar positions in USSR). Unlike the US space program,
• Space Race The Space Race was a competition of space exploration between the Soviet Union and the United States, which lasted roughly from 1957 to 1975. It involved the efforts to explore outer space with artificial satellites, to send humans into space, and to land them on the Moon
• Yuri's Night
• Soviet space program conspiracy accusations The Lost Cosmonauts, or Phantom Cosmonauts, are cosmonauts who allegedly entered outer space, but whose existence has never been acknowledged by either the Soviet or Russian space authorities
• Kosmonaut Yuri Gagarin The Kosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was a Soviet space control-monitoring and surveillance ship that was devoted to detecting and receiving satellite communications. She was completed in December 1971 to support the Soviet space program. The ship also conducted upper atmosphere and outer space research - space control-monitoring ship

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Tito, Dennis (2006-11-13). "Yuri Gagarin". Time Europe via Time.com. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
2. ^ French, Francis Francis French is a book and magazine author from Manchester, England, specializing in space flight history. He is a former director of events for Sally Ride Science, and a director at the San Diego Air & Space Museum. He lives in Oceanside, California; Burgess, Colin (2007). Into That Silent Sea Into That Silent Sea: Trailblazers of the Space Era 1961-1965 is a 2007 non-fiction book by space historians Francis French and Colin Burgess. Drawing on a number of original personal interviews with astronauts, cosmonauts and those who worked closely with them, the book chronicles the American and Russian programs from 1961 onwards, from the: Trailblazers of the Space Era, 1961-1965. Lincoln The City of Lincoln is the capital and the second most populous city of the U.S. state of Nebraska. Lincoln is also the county seat of Lancaster County and the home of the University of Nebraska. The population was 225,581 at the 2000 census: University of Nebraska Press, p. 2. ISBN 0803211465. OCLC OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. is a "nonprofit, membership, computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose of furthering access to the world's information and reducing information costs", according to its website. It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center. More than 60,000 71210133.
3. ^ ^{a b} (Russian) "Юрий Алексеевич Гагарин". Astronaut.ru (2007-07-11). Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
4. ^ "Gagarin". Astronautix.com (2007-11-17). Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
5. ^ (Russian) Гагарин, Юрий (2004-12-03). "Дорога в космос". Pravda via TestPilot.ru. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
6. ^ "Motherland Hears (download)". SovMusic.ru. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
7. ^ "Motherland Hears (lyrics)". SovMusic.ru. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
8. ^ (Russian) "Полная стенограмма переговоров Юрия Гагарина с Землей с момента его посадки в корабль (за два часа до старта) до выхода корабля "Востока-1" из зоны радиоприема". Cosmoworld.ru. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
9. ^ (Russian) "Я горжусь обвинениями в том, что ввел Юрия Гагарина в православие". Interfax-religion.ru (2006-04-12). Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
10. ^ "Gagarin — son of a peasant, star of space", BBC News (1998-04-01). Retrieved on 21 May 2008.
11. ^ Callow, John (2007-11-30). "A Thaw in the Cold War". WCML.org.uk. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
12. ^ "Forty years on, Yuri Gagarin's death still a mystery", RIA Novosti (2008-03-28). Retrieved on 1 August 2008.
13. ^ Aris, Ben (2008-03-28). "KGB held ground staff to blame for Gagarin's death", The Daily Telegraph The Daily Telegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper, founded in 1855. Excepting the Financial Times and The Herald , it is the only remaining national daily newspaper printed on traditional newsprint in the broadsheet format in the United Kingdom, as most other broadsheet publications have converted to the smaller tabloid/compact or Berliner. Retrieved on 1 August 2008.
14. ^ Leonov, Alexei; Scott, David (2004). Two Sides of the Moon. New York The City of New York, most often called New York City, is the most populous city in the United States, in a metropolitan area that ranks among the world's most-populous urban areas. It is a leading global city, exerting a powerful influence over worldwide commerce, finance, culture, and entertainment. The city is also an important center for: Thomas Dunne Books, p. 218. ISBN 0-312-30865-5. OCLC OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. is a "nonprofit, membership, computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose of furthering access to the world's information and reducing information costs", according to its website. It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center. More than 60,000 56587777.
15. ^ Holt, Ed (2005-04-03). "Inquiry promises to solve Gagarin death riddle". Scotland on Sunday. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
16. ^ Osborn, Andrew (2007-04-12). "Kremlin vetoes new inquiry into mystery death of Yuri Gagarin". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
17. ^ (Russian) "База данных по памятным и инвестиционным монетам". CBR.ru. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.

• Cole, Michael D (1995). Vostok 1: First Human in Space. Springfield: Enslow Publishers. ISBN 0-89490-541-4. OCLC OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. is a "nonprofit, membership, computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose of furthering access to the world's information and reducing information costs", according to its website. It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center. More than 60,000 31739355.
• Doran, Jamie; Bizony, Piers (1998). Starman: The Truth Behind the Legend of Yuri Gagarin. London London (pronunciation ; IPA: /ˈlʌndən/) is the capital and largest urban area of both England and the United Kingdom. An important settlement for two millennia, London's history goes back to its founding by the Romans. Since its foundation, London has been part of many movements and phenomena throughout history, including the English: Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-7475-4267-8. OCLC OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. is a "nonprofit, membership, computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose of furthering access to the world's information and reducing information costs", according to its website. It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center. More than 60,000 39019619.

External links

• Yuri Gagarin - The First to Fly
• Gagarin's photos
• Obituary, NY Times, 28 March 1968 Yuri Gagarin Killed As Test Plane Falls
• (Russian) Юрий Гагарин. Дорога в космос — his book in Russian (HTML)
• (Russian) Photo, Audio and Video with Yuri Gagarin, online version of CD created to his 70th anniv. on the homepage of Russian state archive for scientific-technical documentation (RGANTD).
• (Russian) Article in online Encyclopedia of cosmonautics A lot of information about the first human's flight to space.
• (Russian) Gagarin's flight 3D visualization — contains the real record of his conversation with the Earth during the spaceflight
• (Russian) Annotated transcript of Gagarin's radio conversations with ground stations, starting 2hrs (4:10 UTC) before launch
• Gagarin — detailed biography at Encyclopedia Astronautica
• List (with photos) of Gagarin statues
• 11 minutes long interview of Yuri Gagarin by The Finnish Broadcasting Company in 1961
• Yuri's Night - World Space Party
• Yuri Gagarin at Find A Grave Find A Grave is a website allowing its users to access, maintain and expand an online database of burial records

Categories: 1934 births | 1968 deaths | 1961 in space exploration | Soviet cosmonauts | Soviet Air Force officers | Russian aviators | Heroes of the Soviet Union | People from Smolensk Oblast | Foundrymen | People buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis | Space program fatalities | Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents | Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Russia | Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the Soviet Union

See Also:

• Yuri Gagarin
• Yuri's Night

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