Luna 9 (E-6 series) (internal name E-6 N. 13) was an unmanned space mission A robotic spacecraft is a spacecraft with no humans on board, that is usually under telerobotic control. A robotic spacecraft designed to make scientific research measurements is often called a space probe. Many space missions are more suited to telerobotic rather than crewed operation, due to lower cost and lower risk factors. In addition, some of the Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. The name is a translation of the Russian: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик (help·info), tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, IPA [sɐˈjʊs sɐˈvʲeʦkʲɪx səʦɪ's Luna program The Luna programme , occasionally called Lunik or Lunnik, was a series of robotic spacecraft missions sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. Fifteen were successful, each designed as either an orbiter or lander, and accomplished many firsts in space exploration. They also performed many experiments, studying the Moon's. On February 3, 1966 the Luna 9 spacecraft was the first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing A soft landing is any type of aircraft or rocket landing that does not result in the destruction of the vehicle or anything onboard. Unlike a hard landing, soft landings are very smooth and steady. They are often called 'good landings' because of the smooth way the aircraft lands on any planetary body other than Earth and to transmit photographic data to Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets. It is sometimes referred to as the World, the Blue Planet,[note 6] or by its Latin name, Terra.[note 7].

The automatic lunar station that achieved the survivable landing weighed 99 kg The kilogram is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI, from the French Le Système International d’Unités),[Note 2] which is the modern standard governing the metric system. The kilogram is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram (IPK),[Note 3] which is almost exactly equal to the mass. It used a landing bag and survived the impact at 15 meters/second ()[1]. It was a hermetically sealed A hermetic seal is a seal which, for practical purposes, is considered airtight. The term is often used to describe electronic parts that are designed and intended to secure against the entry of microorganisms and other foreign bodies in order to maintain the proper functioning and reliability of their contents container with radio equipment, a program timing device, heat control systems, scientific apparatus, power sources, and a television system. The Luna 9 payload was carried to Earth orbit by an A-2-E vehicle and then conveyed toward the Moon The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite[nb 4] and is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System. It is the largest natural satellite in the Solar System relative to the size of its planet, a quarter the diameter of Earth and 1/81 its mass, and is the second densest satellite after Io. It is in synchronous rotation with Earth, always by a fourth stage rocket that separated itself from the payload. The flight apparatus separated from the payload shortly before Luna 9 landed.

After landing in the Oceanus Procellarum Oceanus Procellarum , Latin for "Ocean of Storms", is a vast lunar mare on the western edge of the near side of Earth's Moon. Its name derives from the old superstition that its appearance during the second quarter heralded bad weather. Oceanus Procellarum is the largest of the lunar maria, stretching more than 2,500 km (1,600 mi) across on February 3, the four petals, which covered the top half of the spacecraft, opened outward and stabilized the spacecraft on the lunar surface. Spring-controlled antennas assumed operating positions, and the television camera rotating mirror system, which operated by revolving and tilting, began a photographic survey of the lunar environment. Seven radio sessions, totaling 8 hours and 5 minutes, were transmitted as were three series of TV pictures.

When assembled, the photographs provided a panoramic view of the nearby lunar surface. The pictures included views of nearby rocks and of the horizon 1.4 km The kilometre , symbol km is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousand metres and is therefore exactly equal to the distance travelled by light in free space in 1⁄ 299,792.458 of a second. It is the conventionally used measurement unit for expressing distances between geographical places in most of the world; notable away from the spacecraft.

For unknown reasons, the pictures from Luna 9 were not released immediately by the Soviet authorities. Instead, the Jodrell Bank Observatory The Jodrell Bank Observatory is an observatory that hosts a number of radio telescopes, and is part of the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics at the University of Manchester. The observatory was established in 1945 by Sir Bernard Lovell, who wanted to investigate cosmic rays after his work on radar in the Second World War. It has since played an, which was monitoring the craft, noticed that the signal format used was identical to the internationally-agreed system used by newspapers for transmitting pictures. The Daily Express The Daily Express is a right-wing, British tabloid newspaper. It is a middle-market title, the flagship title of Express Newspapers and is currently owned by Richard Desmond. As of March 2010, it has a circulation of 668,273 rushed a suitable receiver to the Observatory and the pictures from Luna 9 were decoded and published worldwide. The BBC reports speculated that the spacecraft's designers deliberately fitted the probe with equipment that conformed to the standard, specifically to enable reception of the pictures by Jodrell Bank.[2]

With this mission, the Soviets accomplished another spectacular first in the space race, the first survivable landing of a manmade object on another celestial body. Luna 9 was the twelfth attempt at a soft-landing by the Soviets; it was also the first deep space probe built by the Lavochkin NPO Lavochkin is a Russian aerospace company. It is a major player in the Russian space program, being the developer and manufacturer of the Fregat upper stage, as well as interplanetary probes such as Phobos Grunt. Currently it is headed by Georgi Polishuk design bureau, which ultimately would design and build almost all Soviet (and Russian) lunar and interplanetary spacecraft. All operations prior to landing occurred without fault, and the 58 centimeter spheroid ALS capsule landed on the Moon at 18:45:30 UT on February 3, 1966 west of the craters Reiner Reiner is a lunar impact crater on the Oceanus Procellarum, in the western part of the Moon. It has a nearly circular rim, but appears oval in shape due to foreshortening. The rim edge is well-defined and has not been eroded by impacts. In the mid-point of the irregular crater floor is a central peak. Outside the rim is a hummocky rampart that and Marius in the Ocean of Storms (at 7°8' north latitude and 64°22' west longitude). Approximately five minutes after touchdown, Luna 9 began transmitting data to Earth, but it was seven hours (after the Sun climbed to 7° elevation) before the probe began sending the first of nine images (including five panoramas) of the surface of the Moon.

These were the first images sent from the surface of another planetary body. The radiation detector, the only scientific instrument on board, measured a dosage of 30 millirads (0.3 milligrays The gray is the SI unit of absorbed radiation dose due to ionizing radiation (for example, X-rays)) per day.[3] Perhaps the most important discovery of the mission was determining that a foreign object would not simply sink into the lunar dust, that is, that the ground could support a heavy lander. Last contact with the spacecraft was at 22:55 UT on February 6, 1966.

Sources

  1. ^ Astronautix
  2. ^ BBC ON THIS DAY | 3 | 1966: Soviets land probe on Moon
  3. ^ Solar System Exploration: Missions: By Target: Moon: Past: Luna 9

External links

Preceded by Luna 8 Luna 8 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program. Also called Lunik 8, Luna 8 was launched with the probable mission of achieving a soft landing on the Moon. However, the retrofire was late, and the spacecraft impacted the lunar surface in Oceanus Procellarum. The mission did complete the experimental development of the star-orientation Luna programme The Luna programme , occasionally called Lunik or Lunnik, was a series of robotic spacecraft missions sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. Fifteen were successful, each designed as either an orbiter or lander, and accomplished many firsts in space exploration. They also performed many experiments, studying the Moon's Succeeded by Cosmos 111
Luna programme The Luna programme , occasionally called Lunik or Lunnik, was a series of robotic spacecraft missions sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. Fifteen were successful, each designed as either an orbiter or lander, and accomplished many firsts in space exploration. They also performed many experiments, studying the Moon's (of the Soviet space program The Soviet space program refers to the rocketry and space exploration programs conducted by the Soviet Union from the 1930s until its dissolution in 1991. Over its sixty-year history, this primarily classified military program was responsible for a number of notable accomplishments in space flight, including mankind's first intercontinental)
Luna E-1 No.1 · Luna E-1 No.2 · Luna E-1 No.3 · Luna 1 Luna 1 , first known as First Cosmic Ship, then known as Mechta (Russian: Мечта, lit.: Dream) was the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon and the first of the Luna program of Soviet automatic interplanetary stations successfully launched in the direction of the Moon · Luna E-1A No.1 · Luna 2 Luna 2 was the second of the Soviet Union's Luna programme spacecraft launched to the Moon. It was the first spacecraft to reach the surface of the Moon. It successfully impacted with the lunar surface east of Mare Serenitatis near the craters Aristides, Archimedes, and Autolycus. Luna 2 was similar in design to Luna 1, a spherical spacecraft with · Luna 3 The 1959 Soviet space probe Luna 3 was the third spacecraft sent successfully to the Moon, and it was an early feat in the human exploration of outer space. Though it returned several rather poor pictures by later standards, the historic, never-before-seen views of the Moon's far side caused excitement and interest when they were published around · Luna E-3 No.1 · Luna E-3 No.2 · Luna E-6 No.2 · Luna E-6 No.3 · Luna 4 Luna 4 was the USSR's first successful spacecraft of their "second generation" Luna program. The spacecraft, rather than being sent on a straight trajectory toward the Moon, was placed first in a low Earth orbit (167 to 182 km altitude) and then the rocket stage reignited to send it on a curving path towards the Moon · Luna E-6 No.6 · Luna E-6 No.5 · Kosmos 60 · Luna E-6 No.8 · Luna 5 Luna 5 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunik 5. It was designed to continue investigations of a lunar soft landing. The retrorocket system failed, and the spacecraft impacted the lunar surface at the Sea of Clouds · Luna 6 Luna 6 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunik 6. Luna 6 was intended to travel to the Moon, but, because a midcourse correction failed, it missed the Moon by 159,612.8 km · Luna 7 Luna 7 was an unmanned space mission of the Soviet Luna program, also called Lunik 7. The Luna 7 spacecraft was intended to achieve a soft landing on the Moon. However, due to premature retrofire and cutoff of the retrorockets, the spacecraft impacted the lunar surface in Oceanus Procellarum · Luna 8 Luna 8 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program. Also called Lunik 8, Luna 8 was launched with the probable mission of achieving a soft landing on the Moon. However, the retrofire was late, and the spacecraft impacted the lunar surface in Oceanus Procellarum. The mission did complete the experimental development of the star-orientation · Luna 9 · Kosmos 111 · Luna 10 Luna 10 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunik 10. The Luna 10 spacecraft was launched towards the Moon from an Earth orbiting platform on March 31, 1966. It was the first artificial satellite of the Moon (or another heavenly body, for that matter). The spacecraft entered lunar orbit on April 3, 1966 and completed its · Luna 11 Luna 11 was an unmanned space mission of the Soviet Union's Luna program. It is also called Lunik 11. Luna 11 was launched towards the Moon from an earth-orbiting platform and entered lunar orbit on 27 August 1966. The objectives of the mission included the study of: · Luna 12 Luna 12 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunik 12. Luna 12 was launched towards the Moon from an Earth-orbiting platform and achieved lunar orbit on October 25, 1966. The spacecraft was equipped with a television system that obtained and transmitted photographs of the lunar surface. The photographs contained 1100 scan · Luna 13 Luna 13 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunik 13. The Luna 13 spacecraft was launched toward the Moon from an earth-orbiting platform and accomplished a soft landing on December 24, 1966, in the region of Oceanus Procellarum · Luna E-6LS No.112 · Luna 14 Luna 14 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program run by the Soviet Union. It was also called Lunik 14 · Luna E-8 No.201 · Luna E-8-5 No.402 · Luna 15 Luna 15 was an unmanned space mission of the Soviet Luna program, also called Lunik 15. On July 21, 1969, while Apollo 11 astronauts finished the first human moonwalk, Luna 15 - an unmanned Soviet spacecraft in lunar orbit at the time, began its descent to the lunar surface. Launched only three days before the Apollo 11 mission, it was the third · Kosmos 300 · Kosmos 305 · Luna E-8-5 No.405 · Luna 16 Luna 16 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunnik 16 (two ns) · Luna 17 Luna 17 was launched from an Earth parking orbit towards the Moon and entered lunar orbit on 15 November 1970. The spacecraft softly landed on the Moon in the Sea of Rains. The spacecraft had dual ramps by which the payload, Lunokhod 1, descended to the lunar surface. Lunokhod 1 was a lunar vehicle formed of a tub-like compartment with a large · Luna 18 Luna 18 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunik 18. Luna 18 was placed in an earth parking orbit after it was launched and was then sent towards the Moon. On September 7, 1971, it entered lunar orbit. The spacecraft completed 85 communications sessions and 54 lunar orbits before it was sent towards the lunar surface by · Luna 19 Luna 19 (Ye-8-LS series), was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program. Luna 19 extended the systematic study of lunar gravitational fields and location of mascons (mass concentrations). It also studied the lunar radiation environment, the gamma-active lunar surface, and the solar wind. Photographic coverage via a television system was also · Luna 20 Luna 20 was the second of three successful Soviet lunar sample return missions. It was flown as part of the Luna program, also called Lunik 20, as a robotic competitor to the six successful Apollo lunar sample return missions. Luna 20 was placed in an intermediate Earth parking orbit and from this orbit was sent towards the Moon. It entered lunar · Luna 21 Luna 21 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunik 21. The Luna 21 spacecraft landed on the Moon and deployed the second Soviet lunar rover (Lunokhod 2). The primary objectives of the mission were to collect images of the lunar surface, examine ambient light levels to determine the feasibility of astronomical observations · Luna 22 Luna 22 was an unmanned space mission, part of the Soviet Luna program, also called Lunik 22. Luna 22 was a lunar orbiter mission. The spacecraft carried imaging cameras and also had the objectives of studying the Moon's magnetic field, surface gamma ray emissions and composition of lunar surface rocks, and the gravitational field, as well as · Luna 23 Luna 23 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunnik 23. Luna 23 was a Moon lander mission which was intended to return a lunar sample to Earth. Launched to the Moon by a Proton SL-12/D-1-e booster, the spacecraft was damaged during landing in Mare Crisium (Sea of Crises). The sample collecting apparatus could not operate · Luna E-8-5M No.412 · Luna 24 Luna 24 was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunnik 24. The last of the Luna series of spacecraft, the mission of the Luna 24 probe was the third Soviet mission to retrieve Lunar soil samples (the first two missions returning samples were Luna 16 and Luna 20)
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Coming Attractions: Willie Nelson, Eric Church, Toubab Krewe, Wiz Khalifa and more - Wisconsin State Journal
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18+ cloud cult w/ Roma di Luna , Friday, April 16, 9 pm at the Majestic Theatre. Tickets are $15 in advance at majesticmadison.com and $17 at the door. ...
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hu, 14 Jan 2010 16:08:02 GM

9. Comments . This is great.You are correct I miss hearing about . Luna. . You can continue with these anytime.I'm so happy everyone is doing so well. Comment by Kathy January 14th, 2010 @ 11:33 am ...

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If you speak spanish could you please translate for me (English to spanish)?
Q. Please don't use a translation web sight they never work right. 1. why so much noise 2. this is carlos. i met him online an hour ago 3. i don't like that 4. good night luna! 5. luna why is there a cage in here? 6. i wanted to practice my dancing 7. where did it come from 8. I ordered it online 9. Luna! NO! It's almost morning! 10. I guess that means I should go to bed thank you! and yes it is Dialogue
Asked by Trust No One - Sat Feb 6 15:02:37 2010 - - 3 Answers - 0 Comments

A. 1. Porque tanto ruido 2. Este es Carlos. Lo conoci en internet hace una hora 3. No me gusta eso 4. Buenas noches Luna! 5. Luna, porque hay una jaula ahi? 6. Queria practicar el baile 7. De donde vino 8. Lo ordene en el internet 9. Luna! NO! Ya mero es de manana 10. Creo que eso significa que me tengo que ir a la cama Hope i could help :)
Answered by michael jackson fan - Sat Feb 6 15:19:56 2010

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