The space program of the People's Republic of China b. ^ Simple characterizations of the political structure since the 1980s are no longer possible is currently directed by the CNSA The China National Space Administration is the national space agency of the People's Republic of China responsible for the national space program. It is responsible for planning and development of space activities. CNSA and China Aerospace Corporation (CASC) assumed the authority over space development efforts previously held by the Ministry of. Its technological roots can be traced back to the late 1950s, when China began a rudimentary ballistic missile program in response to perceived American (and, later, Soviet) threats. However, the first Chinese manned flight program only began in earnest several decades later, when a crash program of technological development culminated in Yang Liwei Yáng Lìwěi is a Chinese major general and military pilot and a CNSA astronaut. He was the first man sent into space by the Chinese space program and his mission, Shenzhou 5, made the PRC the third country to independently send people into space's successful 2003 flight aboard Shenzhou 5 Shenzhou 5 — was the first human spaceflight mission of the People's Republic of China (PRC), launched on October 15, 2003. The Shenzhou spacecraft was launched on a Long March 2F rocket booster. There had been four previous flights of unmanned Shenzhou missions since 1999. China became the third country in the world to have independent human. This achievement made China the third country to independently send humans into space.
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History and recent developments
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During the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship period
After the United States threatened to use nuclear weapons during the Korean War The Korean War was a military conflict between the Republic of Korea, supported by the United Nations, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and People's Republic of China (PRC), with air support from the Soviet Union. The war began on 25 June 1950 and an armistice was signed on 27 July 1953. The war was a result of the political division[1], Chairman Mao Zedong Mao Zedong listen (simplified Chinese: 毛泽东; traditional Chinese: 毛澤東; pinyin: Máo Zédōng; Wade-Giles: Mao Tse-tung; December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976) was a Han Chinese revolutionary, political theorist and communist leader. He led the People's Republic of China (PRC) from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. His decided that only a nuclear deterrent Deterrence theory holds that nuclear weapons are intended to deter other states from attacking with their nuclear weapons, through the promise of retaliation and mutually assured destruction . It can also be assigned as a response to an attack by conventional forces; for example, the doctrine of massive retaliation threatened to launch US nuclear of its own would guarantee the security of the newly founded PRC. Additionally, he wanted China to gain status among the world's powers that, as he felt, did not respect him, and instead dealt only with the Republic of China The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan, is a state in East Asia comprising the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor islands located off the east coast of mainland China. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south (present-day Taiwan) as "China". Thus, Mao announced his decision to develop China's own strategic weapons, including nuclear bombs and associated missiles for the warheads, during a Communist Party of China The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and the ruling political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the world's largest political party (CCP) Central Committee meeting held on January 15, 1955. The Chinese nuclear weapons program The People's Republic of China, commonly known as China or the PRC, has developed and possessed weapons of mass destruction, including chemical and nuclear weapons. The People's Republic of China is estimated by the U.S. government to have an arsenal of about 150 nuclear weapons as of 1999, which matches the Chinese government statement that it was designated by the codename of "02".
| “ | 我们不但要有更多的飞机大炮，而且还要有原子弹。 "Not only do we need more air planes and artillery pieces, we also need the atomic bomb." 在今天这个世界上，我们要不受人家欺侮，就不能没有这个东西。 "In this world today, to avoid being bullied, we cannot be without it." | ” |
The Fifth Academy of the National Defense Ministry The Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China is a ministry under the State Council. It is headed by the Minister of National Defense. The MND was set up according to a decision adopted by the 1st Session of the 1st National People's Congress in 1954. In contrast to practice in other nations, the MND does not exercise command (国防部第五研究院) was founded on October 8, 1956, with Qian Xueshen Qian Xuesen (11 December 1911 – 31 October 2009) was a scientist who made important contributions to the missile and space programs of both the United States and People's Republic of China. NASA documents commonly refer to him as H.S. Tsien, who had just been deported from the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language after being accused of being a communist during the red scare In United States history, the term Red Scare denotes two distinct periods of strong anti-communism: the First Red Scare, from 1917 to 1920, and the Second Red Scare, from 1947 to 1957. The Scares were characterized by the fear that communism would upset the capitalist social order in the United States; the First Red Scare was about worker, as director. The Academy started the development of the first ballistic missile program, adopted on March 1, 1956 and known as the first Twelve-Year-Plan for Chinese aerospace.[2]
After the launch of mankind's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1 Sputnik 1 Russian: "Спутник-1" Russian pronunciation: [ˈsputʲnʲək], "Satellite-1", ПС-1 ) was the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957, and was the first in a series of satellites collectively known as the Sputnik program by the Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. The name is a translation of the Russian: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик (help·info), tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, IPA [sɐˈjʊs sɐˈvʲeʦkʲɪx səʦɪ on October 4, 1957, Mao decided during the National Congress of the CCP on May 17, 1958 to make China an equal with the superpowers (“我们也要搞人造卫星”), by adopting Project 581 with the objective of placing a satellite in orbit by 1959 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the PRC's founding.[3] This goal would be achieved in three phases: developing sounding rockets first, then launching small satellites and in the final phase, large satellites.
The construction of China's first missile test base, code-named Base 20 Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (simplified Chinese: 酒泉卫星发射中心; traditional Chinese: 酒泉衛星發射中心; pinyin: Jiǔquán Wèixīng Fāshè Zhōngxīn) is a People's Republic of China space vehicle launch facility (spaceport) in the Gobi desert, Ejina Banner (额济纳旗), Alxa League (阿拉善盟), Inner Mongolia, located (西北综合导弹试验基地), started in April 1958 and it entered service on October 20 of the same year.
During the cordial Sino-Soviet relations of the 1950s, the USSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, Russian: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲeʦkʲɪx səʦɨəlʲɪˈstʲiʨɪskʲɪx rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk] , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union (Russian: engaged in a cooperative technology transfer program with the PRC under which they trained Chinese students and provided the fledgling program with a sample R-2 rocket.
The first Chinese missile was built in October 1958 as a reverse-engineered copy of the Soviet R-2 SRBM A short-range ballistic missile is a ballistic missile with a range of about 1,000 km or less. They are usually capable of carrying nuclear weapons. In potential regional conflicts, these missiles would be used because of the short distances between some countries and their relative low cost and ease of configuration. In modern terminology, SRBMs, itself an upgraded version of a German A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, has been known and documented before AD 100. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. During the 16th century, northern Germany became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. As a modern nation-state, V-2 rocket The V-2 rocket , technical name A4, was a long range ballistic missile that was developed by the end of the Second World War in Nazi Germany. The rocket was the world's first long-range combat-ballistic missile and first human artifact to achieve sub-orbital spaceflight. It was the progenitor of all modern rockets. Its range was 590 km, weighing 20.5 tons and propelled with liquid oxygen and alcohol.
China's first ever T-7 T-7 is the name of China's first sounding rocket. The T-7 which was first launch on 13 September 1960 can carry a payload of 25 kg in a height of 58 kilometres. The T-7 has a length of 8 metres, a launch weight of 1138 kg and a diameter of 45 centimetres sounding rocket was successfully launched from the Nanhui Nanhui District , formerly Nanhui County, was a district of Shanghai, China's largest city, until its merger with Pudong in May 2009. It had a land area of about 809.5 km² and 59.5 kilometers coastline. The population of Nanhui was 975,017 as of 2006 (2006-08-02). On May 6, 2009, it was disclosed that the State Council had approved the proposal launch site on February 19, 1960.[4]
China started to develop medium-range ballistic missiles A medium-range ballistic missile , is a type of ballistic missile with medium range, this last classification depending on the standards of certain organizations. Within the U.S. Department of Defense, a medium range missile is defined by having a maximum range of between 1,000 and 3,000 km1. In modern terminology, MRBMs are part of the wider (MRBM) in July 1960, with an increased range double that of the R-2.
But when Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the partial de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the was denounced as revisionist, with Mao asserting that there had been a counter-revolution A counter-revolutionary is anyone who opposes a revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it, in full or in part. The adjective, "counterrevolutionary", pertains to movements that would restore the state of affairs, or the principles, that prevailed during a prerevolutionary era in the Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. The name is a translation of the Russian: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик (help·info), tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, IPA [sɐˈjʊs sɐˈvʲeʦkʲɪx səʦɪ and that capitalism Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for a private profit; decisions regarding supply, demand, price, distribution, and investments are made by private actors in the market rather than by central planning; profit is distributed to owners who invest in businesses, and had been restored, the friendly relationship between the two countries turned to confrontation. As a consequence, all Soviet technological assistances were abruptly withdrawn after the 1960 Sino-Soviet split The Sino–Soviet split was the gradual worsening of relations between the People's Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the Cold War (1945–91). Since 1956, the countries had (secretly) been diverging ideologically, and, beginning in 1961, the Chinese Communists formally denounced “The Revisionist Traitor.
Fri, 16 Jul 2010 18:13:27 GMT+00:00
Benzinga CAT has been busy lately launching new lines of mining equipment, as well as in the acquisition space , acquiring New York-based geophysical services company ...
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Embarrassing as it may sound it is true that the space programs taking place in China have received a lot of help from the president of AMAC a high tech International company in the States
